寿康宫主人考

A Study on the Occupants of Shoukang Palace

寿康宫始建于清雍正十三年(1735年)十二月,竣工于乾隆元年(1736年)十月,是乾隆皇帝即位后专门为其生母崇庆皇太后建造的颐养之所。从乾隆元年十一月住进寿康宫,直至乾隆四十二年(1777年)正月辞世,崇庆皇太后一共在这里度过了42年。继崇庆皇太后之后,寿康宫先后有6位主人,依次是乾隆帝的婉妃陈氏、颖妃巴林氏,嘉庆帝的孝和睿皇后钮祜禄氏,道光帝的孝静成皇后博尔济吉特氏,同治帝的敦宜皇贵妃富察氏、敬懿皇贵妃赫舍里氏。寿康宫作为清代重要的皇太后宫,见证了乾隆盛世直至清末内忧外患的局面。在这座院落里,既有体现皇太后母仪天下的各类隆重仪典,也有体现笃信藏传佛教而礼佛写经的日常,更有体现太后与皇帝母子关系的闲叙家事国事、同喜同忧的亲情。

Shoukang Palace[寿康宫, Palace of Longevity and Good Health] was initially built in December of the 13th year of Yongzheng Emperor＇s reign （1735） and finished in October of the first year of Qianlong Emperor＇s reign （1736）. It was dedicated to Qianlong＇s birth mother Empress Dowager Chongqing who spent forty-two years here from November 1736 till her passing in January 1777. After Empress Dowager Chongqing, six other high-ranking consorts of four Qing emperors successively lived at Shoukang Palace. As an important residence for consorts, Shoukang Palace witnessed the heyday of the Qianlong period and the wilting of the empire in the late Qing dynasty. It was also the venue of various solemn rituals, the empress dowager＇s Buddhist worship activities and the intimate communication of the empress dowager and the emperor.