苏联政治宣传画的视觉表达与分析

Analysis on the Visual Statement of Political Posters in Soviet Union

苏联时期,为适应政治动员的需要,创建了一种具有高度概括性、极强表现力、巨大鼓动性的宣传画绘画模式。画家们运用各种政治符号,采用独特的形象表达方式,构建了意识形态的视觉文化系统,将国家的执政意图内化为一种视觉秩序。本文将以"纪念十月革命100周年—俄罗斯国家历史博物馆藏十月革命文物展"中的部分宣传画为主要媒介,从苏联政治宣传画如何从传统图像叙事画法转变为追求视觉冲击,如何运用特定的图像符号来宣示其政治观点和信仰,以及如何通过强化领袖和国家的崇拜仪式来增强国家形象等三个方面,来探讨苏联政治宣传画在叙事方法和视觉表达方式上的特点。

In the period of Soviet Union, posters were made highly summarizing, expressive and stimulating; they were applied as a visual method to meet the need of political mobilization. Painters employed various political symbols in a unique way to express the ideology of the government. This article studies several posters from ＂Exhibition in Memory of the 100th Anniversary of the October Revolution - A Collection of Russian State Historical Museum＂ and explores the characteristics of narrative approach and visual statement of political posters in Soviet Union. The current author analyzes how political posters in Soviet Union were transformed from traditional narrative pictures to images with strong visual impact, the way that particular graphic elements were used to convey political opinions and the attempt to enhance the country＇s image by strengthening the worship toward the leader and the country.