从三分到归一:唐朝前中期岭南政治地理格局的变迁

From Three Parts to One:Changes in the Political Geography Pattern of Lingnan in the Early and Middle of Tang Dynasty

岭南僻处南疆,地理复杂。隋末大乱之时,地方势力纷纷割据,唐初和平统一岭南后,采取羁縻政策,以原有势力为基础设管州的"都府"。而在都府之上,朝廷以广州、桂州、交州为中心置"统府",以点控面,有效地维护了岭南地区的稳定。但是这种层层管理的"统府三分格局",到高宗乾封二年发生突变,随着邕府和容府的建立,原统府消失,遂形成并立的"五府格局"。可是,最迟8世纪初,唐朝设立岭南五府经略使,统一管理整个岭南的军事。在此前后,岭南选补使、岭南按察使、岭南采访使等陆续出现,在人事、监察、民政等领域,对岭南道全境实施管辖权。因此,"盛唐"的岭南道,表现出明显的"归一"趋势。

Lingnan,which was located in the southern of China,was very complicated in geography.In late Sui Dynasty,the local forces became separatists,and after the peaceful reunification of Lingnan in early Tang Dynasty,the goverment adoptted the policy of＂restraint＂and set＂Dufu＂on the base of the previous pattern.On the top of＂Dufu＂,the imperial set＂Tongfu＂in Guangzhou,Guizhou,Jiaozhou to effectively maintain the stability of Lingnan.But this multi-layered management suddenly changed in 667 AD,with the establishment of＂Yongfu＂and ＂Rongfu＂,the previous system of＂Tongfu＂disappeared and ＂ Five Fus pattern＂ took shape.However,at the beginning of the eighth century,the Tang Dynasty established＂Wu fu jing lue shi＂of Lingnan to manage the military of whole Lingnan.Almost at the same time,some new official positions such as Xuanbushi,Anchashi,Caifangshi were set up to govern the whole territory of Lingnan in personnel,supervision and civil administration.Therefore,Lingnan showed an obvious trend of ＂ unification＂ in the glorious age of Tang Dynasty.