朱正元与《御览图》:晚清地图史的视角

Zhu Zhengyuan and Yulan Tu:from Perspective of Cartographic History in Late Imperial China

许多翻译、改绘、新绘的中国海图在晚清出现,《御览江浙闽沿海图》(以下简称《御览图》)就是其中之一。已有研究对该图评价较高,但相关成果侧重制图技术的考辨,该图编纂的时代背景、朱正元在编纂中所担负的角色尚待厘清,而这些对于理解该图的历史地位同样至关重要。本文在考查《御览图》及其图说产生背景和经过后认为,正是在西方测绘技术的进步和清政府面临海上威胁背景下,洋务运动中兴起的西学教育培养了朱正元等测绘人才。而朱正元基于英版海图测绘和编纂的《御览图》融科学性和实用性于一体,是晚清作为中国海图由传统转向近代重要阶段的标志之一。

Late imperial China is an important stage for development of cartographic system and technology.Map of Yulan JiangZheMin Yanhai Tu and its map description came out in this era.However,there are some inaccurate information in related historical documents on this map.And current researches are concentrated on cartographic technology.As a result,some points still aren＇t figured out about this map,such as cartographic reason and author＇s experience.Basing on historical background and cartographic process,this paper corrected some mistakes in related documents,and pointed out cartographic history and Zhu Zhengyuan＇s role in surveying and mapping.This paper argues that Zhu Zhengyuan and his work on coastal surveying and mapping in late imperial China are a part of nautical charts stepping forward from traditional to modern style.