国产功率自行车心肺功能测评的研究

Function evaluation of a new type of power bicycle for cardiopulmonary test

目的研究国产功率自行车进行心肺耐力测评的有效性。方法选择普通大学生18例作为受试者,其中男性12例,女性6例。男性年龄19.55~21.39岁,平均年龄20.25岁;身高167.00~184.00 cm,平均身高175.42 cm;体质量62.30~77.80 kg,平均体质量72.15 kg;体质量指数18.40~25.28,平均体质量指数23.49。女性年龄19.64~21.96岁,平均年龄20.77岁;身高156.00~167.00 cm,平均身高162.00 cm;体质量52.00~65.70 kg,平均体质量53.83 kg;体质量指数17.67~23.56,平均体质量指数20.44。记录静息状态的心率、血乳酸、血压及静息代谢率等指标,利用主成分分析法和回归方程对静息状态体适能进行综合评价。采用50 W/3 min负荷递增,以50 r/min的骑车节律进行实验室最大摄氧量值测试。评判指标和标准包括:最大心率≥180次/分,血乳酸浓度≥8 mmol/L,运动自觉量表(RPE)等级为19~20,测试时间≥9~12 min,最大摄氧量平台。利用PWC170法、Astrand法和YMCA法,进行最大摄氧量的间接测试。结果得到受试者静息身体状况的综合评价值F,并进行了分组,第Ⅰ组,F>0,代表男性身体素质较高或者静止时身体状态较佳的一组;第Ⅱ组,F<0,代表身体情况欠佳的一组;第Ⅲ组为女性。直接测试法获得的最大摄氧量值,每一位受试者的5个评价指标中至少3个指标均合格,数据有效,且第Ⅰ组受试者的有氧能力评价整体高于第Ⅱ组受试者的有氧能力;说明受试者静息身体状况综合评价指标高,有氧能力也相对较高。最大摄氧量的实测值分别为(41.64±9.99)、(31.93±3.20)mL/(kg·min),属于有氧能力评价中的中档和低档。直接测试法数据与间接测试法中的YMCA法最为接近,贴合度最高;Astrand法估测的最大摄氧量值与实测值相比,差别较大;PWC170法用运动员和普通人来分别预测,存在不灵活性,使预测值偏大或偏小。结论利用此国产功率自行车,进行普通大学生心肺功能数据的直接测试和间接预测,方法合理,得出的数据规律与其他文献表述一致,基本有效,对于此国产功率自行车精确度的验证起到了一定的作用。

Objective To verify the effectiveness of cardiopulmonary function test of a new power bicycle. Methods A total of 18 college students were enrolled, which included 12 males（aged 19.55-21.39 years old with mean age of 20.25 years old,height was 167.00-184.00 cm with mean of 175.42 cm, body weight was 62.30-77.80 kg with mean of 72.15 kg, body weight index was 18.40-25.28 with mean of 23.49） and 6 females（aged 19.64-21.96 years old with mean age of 20.77 years old, height was 156.00-167.00 cm with mean of 162.00 cm, body weight was 52.00-65.70 kg with mean of 53.83 kg, body weight index was 17.67-23.56 with mean of 20.44）. The indicators of heart rate, blood lactate, blood pressure and resting metabolic rate in resting state were recorded, and principal component analysis and regression equation were used to evaluate the fitness of resting state. The maximum oxygen uptake test was performed at rhythm of 50 r/min with 50 W/3 minimum load increase. The criteria included that maximum heart rate ≥ 180 times/minute, blood lactate concentration ≥ 8 mmol/L, exercise conscious scale（RPE） was 19-20, test time ≥ 9-12 min at maximum oxygen uptake platform. The maximal oxygen uptake was measured using the PWC170 method, Astrand method and YMCA method. Results The comprehensive evaluation value F of resting physical condition were obtained and divided into 3 groups. Group Ⅰ, F 0, for males whose physical quality or physical state were better; Group Ⅱ, F 0, for poor physical state and group Ⅲ for females. The maximum oxygen uptake value was obtained by direct testing method, and the data was valid. At least 3 out of 5 evaluation indicators for each subject were qualified, and the aerobic capacity of group I was higher than that of group Ⅱ, which indicated that the comprehensive evaluation index of physical condition at resting state was high, and the aerobic capacity was relatively high. The max-imum oxygen uptakes were（41.64 ± 9.99） mL/（kg·min） and（31.93 ± 3.20） mL/（kg·min）, respectively, which were mid-range and low-grade in aerobic capacity evaluation. The direct testing method date was the closest to that of YMCA of indirect testing method. The difference between estimated value of maximal oxygen uptake and measured value was large. The PWC170 method divides the subjects into athlete and ordinary, which make the prediction lack of flexibility and the predictive value too high or too low. Conclusion It is reasonable for direct and indirect testing in cardiopulmonary function of ordinary college student, and the data is consistent with other documents, which verify the accuracy of the new type of power bicycle.