法律解释方法在指导性案例中的运用及其完善

Application and Improvement of Legal Interpretation Methods in Guiding Cases

案例指导制度被赋予了统一法律适用的目标,但是,指导性案例在司法实践中被援引的比例偏低。对法律解释方法在指导性案例中的运用进行分析和展示,有助于解决这一问题。具体来说,虽然具有优先地位的文义解释方法得到了普遍运用,但是,该方法并不合适于分析带有疑难色彩的指导性案例。目的解释方法在指导性案例中有着多种表现形式,能够对涉案的特定法律规范或者概念进行扩张或者限缩。体系解释方法通过对比相关法条,可以厘清规范含义,更多的是可以发现法律漏洞。历史解释方法是以重新发布公报案例的方式出现,能够产生巩固最高人民法院意图的效果。各种解释方法在指导性案例中的运用,能够形成个案层面上和相关个案之间的融贯效果。当然,指导性案例中法律解释方法的运用还需要继续改进和完善,例如淡化文义解释方法,说明不同解释结论的差异,强化运用解释方法的共性目标,在程序上凸显解释方法的运用,以及激励解释方法的创造性运用等等。案例指导制度实际效果的发挥,需要以法律解释为代表的技术因素的支持。

The goal of guiding case system is to unify the application of law, but guiding cases are rarely cited in judicial practice, which can be partly solved by the exhibition of legal interpretation methods in guiding cases. The literal interpretation cannot function best in guiding cases though widely used. Teleological interpretation can expand or narrow the norms or conception in guiding cases. By comparing legal norms, systematical interpretation can be used to find legal loopholes or confirm the meaning. Historical interpretation has reprinted Bulletin Case, which can confirm the SPC＇ s goal. The uses of interpretation methods are very coherent, both in single guiding case and among related cases. There are some approaches to improve the usage of legal interpretation in guiding cases, for example, we can reduce the literal interpretation, compare the differences between interpretation conclusions, strengthen the interpretation process and stimulate the creative use of legal interpretation. The functions of guiding case system need the technical support of legal interpretation.