不动产被征收人参与权的价值定位与制度重构

The Value Orientation and System Reconstruction of the Right to Participate of the People Subject to Expropriation of Immovable Property

目前,我国不动产被征收人的参与权既无法在制度层面获得充分支撑,在具体落实中更面临来自地方政府的重重阻力,导致实践中被征收人参与程度弱,参与效果差。被征收人参与权的实现不仅关乎于个人私益,也与征收所欲追求之公共利益密切相关。因此,对被征收人参与权的价值定位需立足于宏观上的价值平衡和微观上的成本效益分析两个层面。从被征收人参与权所欲实现之价值入手,我国应当对当前的不动产征收参与程序实现一元化构建,通过增加征前协购程序、设置专项征收委员会等途径赋予被征收人在征收决定、实施等各个阶段充分、有效的参与权利,并明确参与权的义务主体和范围,确立履行义务的方式,规范政府行为,确保各项参与权落到实处。

The right to participate in expropriation in China could be protected by neither the legislation nor the government, which results in the bad effect of the participation in practice. The realization of the right to participate of people subject to expropriation is not only related to personal interest, but also the public interests which the expropriation pursues. Therefore, the value orientation of the right to participate should be based on both the balance of value and the cost-benefit analysis. Starting from the value of the right to participate, China should make the participate procedure of the immovable property expropriation unified, and reconstruct the implementation mechanism of the right to participate by building the procedure of purchasing by agreement before the expropriation and setting up the special expropriation committee so as to regulate government behaviors and ensure the implementation of the right to participate.