论《考工记》对紫禁城营建的影响

The Influence of Kaogongji on the Buildings in the Forbidden City

《考工记》是我国古代一本手工业生产工艺及技术相关的文献。为弘扬中国传统建筑文化,本文采用调查分析方法,以紫禁城古建筑为研究对象,分析《考工记》对紫禁城古建筑营建的影响。从营建理论及营建技术两方面出发,较为系统地揭示紫禁城建筑与《考工记》的内在联系。结果表明:《考工记》对紫禁城古建筑的营建有着较为全面的影响。在营建理念方面,紫禁城古建筑的建造原则、平面布局、建筑隐喻、建筑数字、建筑造型、建筑等级等方面与《考工记》存在密不可分的关系。营建技术方面,紫禁城古建筑的建筑测量、屋架高宽比、瓦顶坡度、道路排水、宫墙尺寸、建筑模数等方面受到了《考工记》的影响。《考工记》体现了我国古代劳动人民的生产智慧和工匠精神。

Kaogongji is an ancient Chinese book on technique of handicraft industry.To develop Chinese traditional building culture,the ancient buildings in the Forbidden City are taken as examples.The influence of Kaogongji on Chinese ancient buildings is studied.By survey as well as analysis means,detailed relationship between the buildings in the Forbidden City and the Kaogongji is discovered.Results show that the building of the Forbidden City relates closely to Kaogongji.In building ideas,the layout,shape,color,number,level,and symbolism and so on of the buildings are influenced by Kaogongji.In building techniques,the measuring,ratio of height against width of the roof,slope of the roof,road drainage,wall sizes,building modulus and so on of the buildings are influenced by Kaogongji.This suggests the wisdom of Chinese ancient craftsman.