1930年代“商资归农”的重新审视

Reexamination of “Commercial Capital to Agriculture” in 1930s

1930年代的"商资归农"热潮,还在当其时人们对之评价已是众说纷纭,此后直到现在仍见仁见智、褒贬不一。本文认为"商资归农"在一定程度上缓解了农村金融的枯竭,但从制度演进的角度看,这个特定时代背景下的错位选择直接导致了农村金融制度的过早商业化,以及制度的不成系统、纷乱复杂,并显现出路径依赖的特征。导致如此制度特点的深层次原因,是农村金融制度形成和发展过程中政府、农民相对弱势,金融机构相对优势的特定制度环境。这些制度特点是造成农村金融诸多弊端的重要原因,而在特定制度环境下所形成的路径依赖使中国农村金融长期以来陷入合作化还是商业化的两难境地。

The upsurge of"commercial capital to agriculture"in 1930 s,is evaluated by contemporaries for different opinions,up to now still different people,different views.The "commercial capital to agriculture",to some extent,relieves the exhaustion of rural finance,but from the perspective of system evolution,the dislocation selection of the particular era leads directly to the rural financial system premature commercialization,no system and complexity,and it shows the characteristics of path dependence.The underlying reason for such institutional characteristics is the specific institutional environment of the relative disadvantage to the government and farmers and the relative advantage of financial institutions in the process of formation and development of the rural financial system.The characteristics of these systems are the main reasons for the many abuses of rural finance,and the path dependence under the specific institutional environment has made China's rural finance fall into the dilemma of cooperation or commercialization.