农业“节水成本定价”假说与水价改革政策建议

Theory and Policy Research on Water Price Reform of Agricultural Water-saving Management

为了解决农业水价偏低导致农用水浪费的问题，中国一直倡导农业水价改革。无论是在学术研究层面还是在国家政策层面．对于农业水价改革都倾向于“按供水成本定价和收费”（简称“供水成本取向”），本文质疑这种水价改革“保护了供水者的利益，具有激励供水单位供水的作用，因而不利于农业节水”。与此同时，本文提出了“节水成本定价”假说：只有节水收益大于节水成本，农业用水户才有节水的内在激励。农业水价应该根据节水成本进行核算和确定，进一步确定为农业水价等于节水总投资与节水总量之比。建议按节水成本定价．实行多元化水价体系．按非水指标错位发放水价补贴．以此推进农业水价改革的顺利进行．

In order to solve the problem of agricultural water wasting caused by the low price of ag- ricultural water, China has advocated the reform of agricultural water price. Whether at the national poli- cy level or at the academic research level, the reform of agricultural water prices tend to ＂pricing and charging according to the cost of water supply＂（ short of water-supply cost oriented）. This paper ques- tions this kind of water price reform for it not only protects the interests of water suppliers but also stim- ulates water supply units which is not conducive to agricultural water-saving. Meanwhile, this paper pro- poses a ＂water-saving cost pricing＂ hypothesis,clearly points out that only when the benefit is greater than the cost of agricultural water saving, can water users have the intrinsic motivation of water saving, and agricultural water pricing should be calculated and determined by the cost of water saving. In other words, agricultural water price is equal to ratio of the gross water saving investment and the total water saving amount.