液压挖掘机工作装置的载荷谱测试研究

Load Spectrum Test Research on Working Device of Hydraulic Excavator

针对再制造挖掘机载荷数据不足,导致疲劳研究受阻的问题,提出了一种试验与动力学仿真相结合的方法。首先选取某型号的反铲液压挖掘机作为研究对象,依据严格规范的试验过程,测出挖掘机在挖掘过程中各个参数(液压缸位移以及推力大小)的变化情况;然后将计算所得的铲斗齿尖最大挖掘阻力和测试所得的各液压缸位移作为输入,采用ADMAS软件模拟仿真整个挖掘过程,进而得到挖掘机主要铰点的受力变化曲线。最后对仿真与测试结果进行检验,最大误差范围在5%以内,可见该方法有效可靠,研究得出的结果为工作装置进行疲劳寿命研究以及轻量化设计提供有效的载荷谱。

There isn't enough data for the research on the fatigue loading of remanufacturing excavator nowadays. To solve this problem,an approach combines experiment and dynamics simulation is proposed to collect data for the fatigue loading of the excavator. Firstly,a certain type of hydraulic backhoe excavator was chosen to serve as the research object. Secondly,according to an experimental process in strict-specification condition,the variation of the data(displacement of hydraulic cylinder and pushing force) was measured during the process of excavator's working. Besides,the maximum value of excavating resistance was calculated in the top of the excavator's bucket,and the measured displacement of each hydraulic cylinder was regarded as inputs. Then,the ADMAS software was employed to simulate the excavator's digging process. Lastly,the cure of loading variation in the excavator's main hinge joints was obtained. Comparing the simulation results with the experimental data,the deviation is under 5%,which proves the reasonableness of our approach. It is apparently that the results can provide guidance for the researches on working devices' fatigue life-span and effective load spectrum for lightweight design.