登革病毒感染早期2种检测方法的比较分析

Comparison and analysis of two test methods in early diagnosis of Dengue virus infection

目的比较ELISA法和荧光定量RT-PCR 2种方法在登革热疫情中标本检测方面的差异,为登革热急性标本选用合适的检测方法提供科学依据。方法对佛山市南海区内发病7 d内的登革热疫情中疑似血清标本178份同时采用ELISA方法(检测登革病毒Ig M抗体)和荧光定量RT-PCR 2种方法检测。结果发病1 d^5 d病程的核酸检出率较高,占总检出量的81.5%,从第5 d开始后大幅降低。单一选用核酸检测第4 d标本单一Ig M抗体阳性的7.4%标本漏检,第5 d单一Ig M抗体阳性的23.5%标本漏检,发病6 d^7 d的标本单一选用抗体检测,单一核酸检测阳性的23.2%标本漏检。结论发病4 d^7 d标本单一选用一种方法检测容易漏检,若核酸检测为阴性时通过病毒特异抗体的快速初筛方法,以判断是否采用抗体的ELISA方法进行检测,可以减低漏检率,减少工作量。

Objective To analyze the difference of ELISA and real-time RT-PCR in early diagnosis of Dengue virus（ DENV） infection,so as to provide scientific basis for selecting appropriate test method. Methods 178 serum samples were collected from patients with Dengue fever in 7 d,and Ig M ELISA and real time RT-PCR were adopted to test DENV.Results The detection rate of nucleic acid in 1 d-5 d was high,accounting for 81. 5% of the total detection,which was greatly reduced from the 5 thd. Only the nucleic acid testing used,on the fourth day,7. 4% of specimens positive for single Ig M antibody were undetected,23. 5% of specimens positive for single Ig M antibody on day 5 were undetected,while 23. 2% of specimens positive for single nucleic acid detected in 6 d-7 d were undetected during single selection antibody test. Conclusion It is prone to be undetected with only one test method in the detection of 4 d-7 d specimen. If the nucleic acid test is negative,rapid screening of virus-specific antibodies can be used to determine whether the ELISA method is used for antibody testing,which can reduce the missed detection rate and reduce the workload.