陕西省水产品及养殖环境中副溶血性弧菌监测分析

Surveillance and analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic products and aquaculture environment of Shaanxi Province

目的了解2016年陕西省水产品及养殖环境中副溶血性弧菌的污染情况、毒力基因分布及分子分型,为风险评估提供可靠的基础数据。方法选择有代表性的超市、农贸市场、养殖环节采集样品,进行副溶血性弧菌分离培养与鉴定、毒力基因(tlh、tdh、trh)及脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分子分型检测。结果 490份样品中,副溶血性弧菌检出率为8.16%,其中海产品检出率最高,为21.11%。不同种类水产品中贝壳类检出率最高,为61.11%;不同采样地点中农贸市场来源样品检出率最高,为36.36%。分离的菌株全部携带tlh基因,均不携带tdh和trh基因,40株副溶血性弧菌PFGE共分为34种带型,除同一养殖环境样品具有同源性外,其他样品呈现明显多态性。结论陕西省水产品及养殖环境中存在一定程度副溶血性弧菌污染,尤其在淡水养殖环境中存在检出应引起重视,并采取有效措施防止由水产品引起的副溶血性弧菌食源性疾病。

Objective To understand the pollution,virulence gene distribution and molecular typing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus（ Vp） in aquatic products and aquaculture environment in Shaanxi Province in 2016,so as to provide reliable basic data for risk assessment. Methods Aquatic products and aquaculture environment samples were collected from representative supermarkets,farmers’ markets and farms for the detection of Vp’s isolation,culture and identification,as well as for the detection of virulence genes（ tlh,tdh and trh） and pulsed field gel electrophoresis（ PFGE）. Results Of the 490 samples,the detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was 8. 16%,of which the highest detection rate was 21. 11% in sea food. The highest detection rate of shellfish（ 61. 11%） was found in different types of aquatic products. The highest detection rate was 36. 36% for farmers samples from different sampling sites. All isolates carried tlh gene,neither carrying tdh and trh genes,40 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were divided into 34 types according to PFGE,except for homology in the same culture environment samples,other samples showed obvious polymorphism. Conclusion There is a certain degree of Vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination in aquatic products and aquaculture environment in Shaanxi Province,especially in freshwater aquaculture environment,so we should take effective measures to prevent foodborne diseases caused by aquatic Vibrio parahaemolyticus.