广东省梅州市2011年-2016年流感病原学监测结果分析

Analysis of pathogenic surveillance results for influenza in Meizhou of Guangdong during 2011-2016

目的了解广东省梅州市2011年-2016年流感流行特征及优势毒株的分布,为流感防治工作提供科学依据。方法采集梅州市流感监测哨点医院流感样病例咽拭子样本,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测流感病毒核酸。结果2011年-2016年共采集流感样病例咽拭子样本5 586份,阳性400份,阳性率为7.16%;其中乙型阳性率为2.79%,甲型阳性率为4.37%。从年龄构成情况看,0岁~4岁组流感样本数最多,但阳性率低(3.83%),而60岁以上组虽流感样本数少,但阳性率最高,达16.06%。梅州市2011年以新甲型H1N1和乙型为流感优势株,2012年流感优势株是季节性H3和乙型,2013年和2014年季节性H3、新甲型H1N1和乙型均呈现散发,2015年季节性H3和乙型呈阶段性交替流行,2016年季节性H3、新甲型H1N1和乙型交替流行。结论梅州市流感流行总体上以季节性H3、新甲型H1N1和乙型交替流行,高发期集中在每年12月-次年3月以及6月。

Objective To understand the characteristics of influenza epidemic and the distribution of predominant strains in Meizhou of Guangdong during 2011-2016, so as to provide scientific basis for influenza control and prevention.Methods The throat swab samples of influenza-like illness（ ILI） in influenza surveillance sentinel hospital of Meizhou were collected,and the nucleic acid of influenza virus was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Results 5 586 throat swab samples of ILI were collected during 2011-2016,400 samples were positive,the positive rate was 7. 16%. The type B positive rate was 2. 79%. The type A positive rate was 4. 37%. According to the age composition,the flu samples were the most in the0-4 year old group,but the positive rate was low（ 3. 83%）,while the group over 60 years old had less influenza samples,but the positive rate was the highest,reaching 16. 06%. The new type H1 N1 and B strain were predominant strains in Meizhou in2011,the predominant strains were seasonal H3 and B in 2012. The seasonal H3,new type H1 N1 and B were sporadic in 2013 and 2014. The seasonal H3 and B were staged alternative popular in 2015. The seasonal H3,new type of H1 N1 and B were staged alternative popular in 2016. Conclusion The influenza epidemics alternate with seasonal H3,new type H1 N1 and type B generally in Meizhou,and show a high incidence period from December to next March and at June.