不同山苦瓜资源田间性状和品质分析

Analysis of Field Characters and Quality in Different Germplasm Resources of Momordica charantia

山苦瓜(Momordica charantia L.var.abbreviate Seringe)是一种野生苦瓜,为筛选优良的山苦瓜资源,对6份山苦瓜资源进行田间性状比较和品质分析。结果表明,不同山苦瓜资源的叶片、花、果实性状差异明显,参试的6份资源叶片缺刻3~7裂,第1雌花节位为6.59~16.23节,雄花直径为2.1~3.8 cm,雌花率为16.40%~56.21%,单果质量为2.3~41.2g。2014号、2017号和2019号的产量较高,为1 658.3~1 921.6 kg·(667 m^2)^(-1)。各山苦瓜资源和普通栽培苦瓜在蛋白质、水分和粗纤维含量方面差异不大,但VC、钙和铁含量均明显高于普通栽培苦瓜,钙含量是普通栽培苦瓜的5~7倍,铁含量是普通栽培苦瓜的9~36倍。综合各性状指标,2014号和2019号2个山苦瓜资源的性状最优,具有较好的种植与开发价值。

In order to select superior new germplasm resources of Momordica charantia,this paper carried out comparision for field characteristics and anaysis on 6 genotypes of Momordica charantia germplasm resources. The results indicated that there were obvious differences in characteristics of leaf,flower and fruit between different Momordica charantia germplasm resources. The first female flower of 6 tested germplasm resources set on 6.59-16.23 knob. The size of first male flower was between 2.1-3.8 cm. The female flower rate was 16.40%-56.21%. The single fruit weight was 2.3-41.2 g. No. 2014,2017 and 2019 had the highest yield about 24.9-28.8 t·hm^(-2). There were no significant differences in the contents of protein,moisture and crude fiber between the tested germplasm genotypes and common Momordica. But the contents of VC,Ca and Fe in Momordica charantia were obviousely higher than those in common Momordica. Its Ca content was 5-7 times of that in commmon Momordica,and Fe content was 9-36 times of that in commmon Momordica. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the above character indexes,2 germplasm resources No. 2014 and No. 2019 performed had the best character with better value for plantation and development.