“二十南游江淮”证明司马迁生于建元年间——兼答张大可先生《司马迁生年述评》

“To the South Touring Jianghuai at Age of Twenty”Proves that Sima Qian Was Born in Jianyuan Period

司马迁"二十而南游江、淮"等是司马迁自叙之事迹,是司马迁生年两说之共识。在此基础上,用排比行年法、数学求解法、原文解读法共同考证出司马迁生于公元前135年。前145年说不能成立的关键是:既事实上说司马迁"三十而南游江淮",又表面承认"二十而南游江淮",这两者之间的矛盾是无法解决的。排比如果依王说:郭说10岁游江淮不能成立;依郭说是王说30游江淮,但与"二十而南游江淮"不符。"前135年说"依郭说,王说30岁游江淮能成立,而且符合"前145年说"所说。三法共证是从不同的角度,用不同的方法考证司马迁生年,相互验证,以证实司马迁生于前135年。

Sima Qian's"to the south touring Jianghuai at age of twenty"is the story of Sima Qian's self-narration,which is the consensus of Sima Qian's birthday. On the basis of this,it's proved that Sima Qian was born in 135 BC by using the annual alignment method,mathematical solution method and original interpretation method. It's the key to incorrectness of the "theory of145 BC"that it is impossible to solve the contradiction between Sima Qian's "to the south touring Jianghuai at age of thirty"and the "to the south touring Jianghuai at age of twenty". According to Wang,Guo's "to the south touring Jianghuai at age of ten"could not be established; according to Guo,Wang's"to the south touring Jianghuai at age of thirty"did not agree with the"to the south touring Jianghuai at age of twenty". According to Guo's"theory of 135 BC",Wang said that the"to the south touring Jianghuai at age of thirty"was established,and it was in line with the"theory of 145 BC". Three common proofs that were from different angles and different methods to prove the birthday of Sima Qian have been used to verify that Sima Qian was born in 135 BC.