新郁葡萄无核化研究初报

A Preliminary Report on Inducing Seedless 'Xinyu' Grape

【目的】研究赤霉素和链霉素处理对新郁葡萄无核化及果实品质的影响,为新郁葡萄无核化生产提供参考依据。【方法】去雄处理,调查新郁葡萄单性结实能力;通过花前3 d和盛花期不同激素处理新郁葡萄花穗,测定其果穗无核率、果实品质等相关指标,分析果穗无核率与果实品质指标间相关性。【结果】新郁葡萄具有较强单性结实能力。花前3 d和盛花期用赤霉素和链霉素处理均能不同程度获得无籽果实,但果粒重、鲜果硬度较对照(CK)小;盛花期用赤霉素和链霉素组合处理无核化效果优于使用单一激素处理,果穗无核率可达96%以上,且果实品质较佳;单一使用赤霉素处理,盛花期效果稳定性优于花前3 d;果穗无核率与平均粒重、成熟天数之间呈极显著负相关(a=0.01),与可溶性固形物含量(TSS)之间呈显著正相关(a=0.05)。【结论】新郁葡萄具有良好无核化栽培潜力。盛花期用25 mg/L GA_3+100 mg/LSM的处理可获得较高的无核率,且葡萄果实品质较佳。

【Objective】This project aims to study the effects of GA_3 and SM on seedlessness and fruit quality of 'Xinyu'grape in the hope of providing reference for the production of seedlessness of 'Xinyu 'grape.【Method】The parthenocarpic ability of 'Xinyu' grape was investigated by emasculating treatment. The relationship between seedless rate and fruit quality of 'Xinyu' grape was analyzed by GA_3 and SM treatment three days before anthesis and different hormone treatments in flowering stage. The seedless rate and fruit quality were determined.【Result】'Xinyu 'grape had the strongest parthenocarpic ability. Getting different degrees of seedless fruits by GA_3 and SM treatment 3 days before the flowering and in full-bloom stage,obtained seedless fruit in varying degrees,but the fruit grain weight and fresh fruit hardness were smaller than those of the control( CK). The effect of seedlessness by GA_3 and SM combined treatment was better than that by single hormone treatment,cluster seedless rate could reach more than 96%,and fruit quality was better. The stability of full flowering period was better than that of 3 days before anthesis. There was a significant negative correlation between the seedless rate of the spike and the average grain weight and the number of mature days( a =0. 01),and there was a significant positive correlation( a = 0. 05) between the content of soluble solids( TSS). 【Conclusion】'Xinyu' grape has the good potential for seedlessness cultivation. In a comprehensive comparison,using 25 mg/L GA_3+ 100 mg/L SM treatment in full-bloom stage,higher seedless rate and better fruit quality can be obtained.