船山对《礼记》《月令》篇之辨正及其哲学特色

On Chuanshan's Identification to The Book of Rites and Climate and Phenology in a Lunar Month and Its Philosophical Characteristics

船山非常重视《礼记》并为其作章句,但对其中《月令》一篇,除了肯定其保存了古代一些珍贵材料如三代田官劝农之政、蚕政等外,多有批评,认为其此书为战国后儒与杂流之士依傍先王的礼法拼凑附会而成的书,其书设计拘牵迂诞而不足以"宪天宜民"。他对《月令》多有批评的原因前人有论因嫌其"无本",其实是他对作为"本"之"天"理解为变合神妙而无心之道体之本体义,而非宇宙生成论义。在对《月令》批评的多方论述之中体现出其独特的天人体用哲学特色,即以本体论之天道观为体,而以大中至正之圣人之道为用,其间凸显作为主体之人的能动性。

Chuanshan attaches great importance to The Book of Rites and makes chapters for it.However,there are many criticisms about one article in the book,Climate and Phenology in a Lunar Month,besides affirming that it has preserved some valuable ancient materials such as the government of agriculture and silkworm administration of the three generations of Tian Guan.It is thought that this book is the book of the scholars of Confucianism and miscellaneous flow after the warring States period who pieced together and attached to the ritual law of the ancestors.The design of his book is not enough to be"constitutionally suitable for the people".In fact,it is his understanding of"heaven"as"origin"as the Noumenon meaning of changing the body of God,which is wonderful and unintentional,rather than the meaning of the generative theory of the Universe.In the multiparty discussion of criticism about the Climate and Phenology in a Lunar Month embodied the unique characteristics of human philosophy,that is,taking the concept of natural law of ontology as the origin and the impartial of the way of Saints as the usage,which highlights the initiative as the subject of the people.