人性、人的本质及人的发展——澄清对马克思人性思想的误解

The Humanity,Human Nature and Human Development——Clarifying the misunderstanding of Marx's human nature thought

学界对"马克思哲学是否承认人性"这个问题存在争议,造成这一争议的原因在于两个方面:一方面,马克思没有一本著作专门对人性问题作出具体的阐释;另一方面,后人将马克思对抽象人性论的批判直接等同于否定人性论。由于对人性与人的本质概念以及两者之间关系的混淆,导致许多人对马克思人性思想产生了误解。要正确把握马克思的人性思想,首先要从人性与人的本质的关系入手,将其人性思想理解为人的实践活动,进而分析马克思人性观所面临的问题(即误解),并说明马克思的人性思想旨归在于人的自由而全面发展。在新的时代下重新思考马克思人性思想具有重大现实意义。

There are controversies on the question of whether Marx's philosophy recognizes human nature or not,and generally holds negative views.The reasons lie in two aspects:on the one hand,Marx did not have a book devoted to the discussion of human nature;on the other hand,later generations criticized Marx's theory of abstract human nature as a direct negation of negation of human nature.Because of the misunderstanding of the essence of human nature and human nature and the confusion of the relationship between the two,it leads to the misinterpretation of Marx's human nature.First of all,it analyzes the relationship between human nature and human nature.Then it points out that Marx's understanding of human nature is human social practice,and further explains Marx's view of human nature,that is,misunderstandings.Finally,it shows that Marx's ultimate goal lies in the free and all-round development of human beings.It is of great practical significance to reconsider Marx's view of human nature in the new era.