部分信息下第三方物流参与管理企业采购模型研究

Research on the model of corporate's procurement management with the involvement of 3PL with partial information

针对一个零售商、一个第三方物流公司(3PL)组成的系统,建立了部分需求信息下3PL参与管理企业采购问题的鲁棒模型,研究了3PL管理采购与零售商管理采购的问题,分别得到了上述情况下零售商与3PL的鲁棒最优决策。通过数值分析讨论了部分需求信息下3PL管理采购与零售商管理采购对零售商、3PL的最优决策和利润的影响。研究表明,当3PL只为一个零售商服务且3PL按照订货量来收取总的服务费用时,只有损失分担比例较大时,3PL管理采购才能够以减少自己的利润为代价换来零售商利润的提高,而且,3PL管理采购不能够提高系统的总利润。进一步的分析表明,当零售商自己管理采购,且3PL优先决策时,零售商、3PL以及系统利润可以得到显著提高。

An increasing number of large enterprises are concentrating on the development of their core business because of the aggravation of market competition and high quality professional services provided by the third party logistics enterprise（hereinafter referred to as 3PL）. Moreover, these companies even out-source some of their internal functions to 3PL enterprises. Procurement outsourcing is an important method for enterprises to reduce costs and enhance competitiveness. The enterprises need 3PL enterprises to share the risks caused by the incompleteness of demand information, especially in the era in which there are rapid changes in market demand. A retailer who sells news-vendor products and knows parts of demand information, and wants to outsource to 3PL enterprises. This paper establishes a robust model to address the situation. In order to compare 3PL management and procurement management, a robust model of the procurement for retailers isalso established under retailer＇s priority decisions as well as 3PL priority decisions. The robust optimal decision of retailers and 3PL enterprises of the above three situations are achieved. Through numerical analysis, this paper discusses the influence of 3PL management and procurement management on retailers, the optimal decision of 3PL, and the profit under partial demand information. The researchers show that when 3PL serves only one retailer and charges the total service according to order quantity, the use of 3PL management increase a retailer＇s profit, but lower the cost when there is a huge loss allocation. More importantly, the purchase of 3PL management will lead to the decrease of system profit. A further analysis shows that when retailers manage purchasing themselves and 3PL has priority decisions, the profit of the retailers, the 3PL, and the system can all be remarkably improved. In summary, when 3PL serves for only one retailer and the unit service charge of 3PL is used as a decision variable, the purchase of 3PL management cannot bring any benefit to the system.