特大城市的人口增长集聚和有效治理

Population Planning and Effective Urban Governance for a Megacity

城市人口的增长和集聚构成城市化社会最基本的特征,特别是在东部沿海地区的北京、上海等特大城市,城市人口总量的快速增长及带来空间形态的演化表现得更加突出。城市规划和管理需要回答的一个基本问题是:如何应对人口的增长集聚对城市发展和治理所带来的压力,并实现有序和有效的城市发展和治理。本文主要讨论三个方面的问题:第一,如何协调人口快速增长与城市的管理和服务能力的关系,妥善应对"城市病";第二,在城市总体规划中,如何确定一个科学的人口规划作为城市公共政策的指南;第三,在人口增长集聚过程中如何促进移民有效地融入城市社会,实现包容和整合的城镇化。

The growth and agglomeration of urban population constitute the most basic characteristics of urbanization. In recent decades, megacities like Beijing and Shanghai have experienced the rapid growth of urban population and the evolution of spatial form.One of the basic questions that needs to be answered in urban planning and management is how to respond to the pressures of population growth and urban development and governance to achieve orderly and effective urban development and governance. This paper discusses three main issues concerning population planning and urban governance for a megacity. Firstly, it is how to coordinate the rapid population growth and urban management and service capacity to deal with the "urban disease". Secondly, a scientific population planning within an overall urban planning framework should be worked out as a guide to urban public policies. Thirdly, how to promote migrants better social integration to make an inclusive urban governance during urbanization.