不同微喷灌灌水量对冬小麦生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响

Effect of micro-sprinkler irrigation on growth,yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat

为研究微喷灌模式下不同灌水量对冬小麦生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响,于2015年10月开展了大田试验。以"小偃22号"为供试品种,研究高水W3(拔节期和开花期各灌水60 mm)、中水W2(拔节期和开花期各灌水40 mm)、低水W1(拔节期和开花期各灌水20 mm)和全生育期不灌水W0 4个处理下冬小麦的生长、产量及水分利用效率。结果表明:随着灌水量的增加,各处理的生长指标呈上升趋势,处理W1、W2、W3的籽粒产量分别较处理W0增产17.75%、35.78%和36.72%,但W2和W3处理间无显著差异;处理W2的水分利用效率和收获指数最高,较处理W3提高了0.22 kg·m^(-3)和0.01。综合对比冬小麦生长、产量和水分利用效率,得出拔节期和开花期各灌水40 mm为冬小麦最优灌水量。

In order to study the effects of different irrigation amounts on winter wheat growth,yields and water use efficiency,a field experiment was conducted from October,2015 to June,2016. The winter wheat "Xiaoyan No.22"was selected as the test material. Four irrigation treatments were performed in this study: W0( no water through the whole crop growth period),low water treatment of W1( 20 mm water supply during both jointing and flowering stages),medium water treatment of W2( 40 mm) and high water treatment of W3( 60 mm). The results showed that wheat growth was improved with the increase of the irrigation amount. As compared to W0,grain yields of W1,W2 and W3 were increased by 17.75%,35.78% and 36.72%,respectively,but it was not significant for that between W2 and W3. The water use efficiency and harvest index from the treatment W2 were the highest,which increased 0.22 kg·m^(-3) and 0.01 when compared to W3. Overall,the treatment of W2 with 40 mm water supply during both the jointing and flowering stages was an optimal irrigation mode in terms of output and water input.