紫茎泽兰对萨能奶山羊血常规及重要脏器病理学的影响

Dosage-dependent effects of Eupatorium adenophorum on Saanen goat blood levels and the histopathology of several organs

紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)在中国作为入侵物种,可造成食草动物中毒死亡,并给畜牧业带巨大的损失。为研究反刍动物采食紫茎泽兰后的中毒机理,本研究探讨了日粮中添加不同剂量的紫茎泽兰对萨能奶山羊(Saanen goat)血常规及肝、脾、肾的病理学影响。选择16只5~6月龄健康萨能奶山羊,随机分成对照组(日粮中未添加紫茎泽兰)和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(日粮配比中分别添加紫茎泽兰40%、60%和80%),每组4只。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂含40%、60%和80%紫茎泽兰的混合日粮3个月,每两周检测一次血常规,试验末屠宰奶山羊,并观察其肝、肾、脾的病理学变化。结果表明,与对照组相比,各试验组血液中的白细胞(white blood cell,)和中性粒细胞(neutrophil,NEUT)均显著升高(P<0.05),试验后期极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);而各试验组血液中淋巴细胞(lymphocyte,LY)与血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)均呈下降趋势,试验后期均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。肝和脾肿大,肝组织出现淤血,肝细胞发生水泡变性及脂肪变性等,肾组织伴有出血、坏死、颗粒变性及水泡样变性的现象。因此,本研究结果说明紫茎泽兰对萨能奶山羊血液指标有显著影响,且长期摄入紫茎泽兰可引起动物肝、肾、脾等主要实质器官不同程度的损伤。

The present study investigated the effects of different dosages of Eupatorium adenophorum to the diet on routine blood levels and the histopathology of the liver,kidney,and spleen in Saanen goats. Based on the random assortment principle,16 healthy,five-to six-month-old Saanen goats were divided into four groups: control group(no E. adenophorum in the diet) and trial groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ(with 40%,60%,and 80% E. adenophorum in the diet,respectively). The experiment lasted three months. A routine blood examination was performed every two weeks. The goats were slaughtered at the end of the experiment to observe pathological changes in the liver,kidney,and spleen.The results showed that the white blood cell(WBC) and neutrophil(NEUT) of each trial group was significantly higher(P < 0. 05) than that of the control group,and very significantly higher(P < 0. 01) at the end of the experiment. However,the lymphocyte(LY) and hemoglobin(HGB) were significantly lower than that of the control group(P < 0. 01).The changes in the pathology of each trial group showed swelling of the liver and spleen. The liver cells showed congestion,and vacuolar and fatty degeneration. There was hyperemia,necrosis,granular,and vacuolar degeneration in the kidney tissues. In conclusion,E. adenophorum not only causes different levels of liver and kidney damage,but also leads to a significant effect on Saanen goat blood levels over time.