地质材料结构与功能射线成像方法与技术

RADIOGRAPHY OF THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL IMAGING FOR GEO-MATERIALS

地质材料结构与功能射线成像是采用射线对地球自然物质进行结构与功能成像,是研究地质材料物质组分、结构、特性与功能的重要手段,是认知地质现象、过程与动因的重要途径。在分析射线成像方法的基础上,分别梳理地质材料表面结构成像、三维结构成像与原位结构成像方法技术及适用条件,提出了地质材料功能成像方法与技术,并指出了地质材料结构与功能射线成像适用条件与发展趋势:(1)可见光、红外射线束和电子束射线等可实现地质材料表面的高精度成像;(2)X射线、γ射线和中子射线能量较高,可穿透地质材料实现三维成像;(3)地质材料的颗粒、矿物与基质等三维内部结构的静态成像研究已经比较成熟;地质材料原位(温度、应力和空隙压力等物理场)条件下的结构进行成像,是近年来地质材料结构成像的发展趋势;对地质材料的生成富集、储集、渗流等功能及过程进行射线成像是未来地质资源能源开发的重大需求,目前仍处于初步探索阶段。

Radiography of geo-materials refers to visualize the interior information of natural geomaterials using rays,this information contains both the structural and functional details of the subjected samples. Radiography is a vital method to study compositions,structures,properties and functions,as well as a way to know geological phenomenon,process and dynamic causes. In this paper,techniques and corresponding applicable conditions ofsurface imaging,3 D interior structural imaging and in-situ structure imaging are studied. Structural and functional imaging of geo-materials are proposed based on the radiography fundamentals,conclusions of which are：（ 1） The techniques of structural imaging including visible ray imaging,infrared beams imaging,Electron beam imaging can be used image surface information.（ 2） X-rays,γ-rays and neutron rays can be used to image 3 D structure due to their high energy.（ 3） Researches on static imaging such as particles, minerals, matrix and their spatial distribution tend to be mature and completed. In-situ imaging under temperature,pressure and pore pressure controls are the needed trends. It＇s an urgent demand to image the functional process of origin,enrichment,accumulation and seepage of geo-materials,but studies of which are still in an early stage.