畲鬼抑或山鬼?——符号象征的时代转换与时代感

She Ghost or Mountain Ghost:The Symbolic Transformation and Sense of Times

在封建朝廷认可清水祖师为中国汉人的神明后的几十年间,人们为清水祖师的功绩或灵异事迹建构出了一些新内容。特别是建构出"山鬼"这样的神明对立面,并通过叙述清水祖师斗法战胜其对立面"山鬼"进而收伏他们的神话故事,来强化清水祖师作为神明所具有的超自然力量——强大的法力或法术。人们建构的神话传说故事中,历代的文字表述与其文本或文字中蕴含的某些象征意义的转换或变换,应该都会受到时代的社会、政治因素的影响,因而呈现出强烈的时代感。清水祖师传说故事的演变就是一个很好的例子。

In the decades after the founder of Qingshui was approved as the god of Chinese by the imperial government,some new achievements or supernatural deeds have been added to him,particularly,a spirit called " Mountain Ghost" who was in his opposite side and fought against him but finally was defeated by him,which just inforced the supernatural power of him as the divine power.Among the myths and legends created by people,the conversion or transformation of certain symbolic meanings contained in ancient texts or scripts should all be influenced by the social and political factors of the times,and thus have a strong sense of the times.The evolution of the legend of the founder of Qingshui is a good example.