社区老年人认知功能与日常活动能力相关性研究

Correlative analysis of cognition function and activities of daily living in elderly in community

目的调查社区老年人认知功能、日常活动能力状况,分析二者之间的相关性,探讨认知功能对日常活动能力的影响,为提高社区老年人日常活动能力提供指导。方法采用多阶段抽样的方法,运用认知功能问卷和日常活动能力量表,对1 283名某市社区老年人进行问卷调查,并对数据进行统计分析。结果不同年龄段、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况的社区老年人,认知功能心理状态分数、短时回忆能力和延时回忆能力3个方面得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄段、文化程度的社区老年人,日常活动能力躯体功能、ADLs、IADLs维度得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别的社区老年人,日常活动能力躯体功能维度得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同婚姻状况的社区老年人,日常活动能力躯体功能、IADLs得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关分析显示,认知功能各方面与日常活动能力各维度呈负相关(r<0,P<0.05),相关系数分别分布在-0.143^-0.337。分层多元回归显示,影响日常活动能力的因素包含人口学特征、健康行为方式、慢性病和认知功能,贡献率分别为12.3%、3.6%、2.5%和3.5%。其中认知功能中,心理状态分数、短时回忆能力对日常活动能力影响较为明显。好的心理状态,良好的短时回忆能力能提高日常活动能力。结论应关注社区老年人日常活动能力,通过多种措施改善认知功能,提高社区老年人日常活动能力。

Objective To explore the correlation of the cognition function and the activities of daily living （ADL） in the elderly of community and its infuencing factors, so as to provide the guidance for improving the ADL of community elderly. Methods An investigation was conducted among 1,283 aged people in the community of a city through multi-stage sampling method. The cognition function questionnaire and ADL scale were employed for the investigation. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 13.0 software package. Results The comparative analysis showed that there were signifcant differences in the psychological state score, the short-term recall ability and the delayed recall ability among the community elderly people with different age, genders, educational levels, and marital status （P 〈 0.05）. There were significant differences in physical function score, ADLs, and IADLs dimension scores among the community elderly people with different age and educational levels （P 〈 0.05）. There was signifcant difference in physical function dimension score between the community elderly people with different genders （P 〈 0.05）. There were signifcant differences in physical function and IADLs dimension scores among the community elderly people with different marital status （P 〈 0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that the cognition function had a negative correlation with ADL （P 〈 0.05）, the distribution of the correlation coeffcient r was between -0.337 and -0.143. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of ADL were demographic characteristics, health behavior styles, chronic diseases and cognition function, their contribution rates were 12.3%, 3.6%, 2.5% and 3.5% respectively. The psychological state score and the short-term memory ability had evident infuence on ADL; good mental state and short-term memory ability can improve ADL. Conclusions We should focus on the activities of daily living in community elderly, take various measures to improve cognitive function, and the daily activity ability of community elderly people.