土地整治促进贫困地区脱贫的模式及实证

Patterns of land consolidation promoting poverty alleviation in poor areas and its application

中国目前的贫困人口规模仍然较大,对实现全面建成小康社会目标的实现构成严重障碍。中国政府提出了农村贫困人口到2020年全部脱贫的目标,并要求采取措施确保这一目标实现。该研究分析了土地整治促进贫困地区脱贫机制,认为土地整治通过引导外部要素输入和内部潜力发掘,能够有效缓解或消除贫困地区存在的致贫因素。基于土地整治促进贫困地区脱贫机制分析,该研究将土地整治促进贫困地区脱贫模式划分为3种类型,即政府主导模式、企业带动模式和村民自治模式,每种模式有其适用性。研究以贵州省为例,分析了土地整治在促进该省贫困地区脱贫中发挥的平台作用,并以七星关区现代高效农业园区、赫章县平山乡农业园区和湄潭县复兴镇两路口村为案例,实证了前述3种模式的有效性。研究结果强调,各地在实现贫困地区脱贫目标中,要注意发挥好土地整治的平台作用,根据地方实际情况选择合适模式促进贫困地区脱贫。

China has attached great importance to poverty reduction work for a long time, and has explored a road of poverty alleviation and development with Chinese characteristic. Practice has proved that China's poverty reduction results are fruitful. However, China's poor population at present is still large, which is a serious threat for China to achieve the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. The Chinese government has put forward the goal of eliminating rural poverty by 2020, and required to take measures to ensure the achievement of the goal. This study analyzed the platform effect that land consolidation plays in poverty alleviation in poor areas, and argued that land consolidation supports the development of special industries, provides conditions for ecological migrants, builds infrastructure, increases employment and protects the ecological environment through guiding external inputs and exploring internal potentials. All of these can effectively eliminate or alleviate poverty factors existing in poor areas. Based on the mechanism analysis of land consolidation promoting poverty alleviation in poor areas, this study divided the patterns of land consolidation promoting poverty alleviation in poor areas into 3 types, namely, the pattern of government leading, the pattern of enterprise driving and the pattern of villager autonomy. In the pattern of government leading, relevant government is not only mainly responsible for poverty alleviation, but also the main performer of land consolidation investment, and the pattern is the main pattern of promoting poverty alleviation in poor areas. To guide and encourage social capital to enter land consolidation is an important task to promote poverty alleviation and land consolidation in poor areas, the agricultural enterprises on behalf of the social capital is a necessary complement to the government to promote poverty alleviation and land consolidation, and the pattern of enterprise driving needs to become important pattern of promoting land consolidation in poor areas out of poverty. To achieve the goal of poverty alleviation and land consolidation work needs to fully play the main role of local farmers, the pattern of villager autonomy is expected to change the fact that government and its departments rely on their own power to promote poverty alleviation and development of land consolidation practices, and the pattern is the potential pattern of poverty alleviation in poor areas. This study took Guizhou Province as a case, and analyzed the role that land consolidation played in poverty alleviation in poor areas of Guizhou Province. Especially, the study took examples, such as modern efficient agriculture park of Qixingguan District, agriculture park of Pingshan Town of Hezhang County, and Lianglukou Village of Fuxing Town of Meitan County, to demonstrate the efficiency of the mentioned 3 patterns. The results emphasized that all places should pay enough attention to the platform effect of land consolidation when they try to realize the poverty alleviation goal, and choose the appropriate pattern of land consolidation to promote poverty alleviation according to the actual situation.