化解危机:东盟民族冲突与预防性外交

Tackling the Crisis: Ethnic Conflicts in the ASEAN Region and Preventative Diplomacy

民族冲突长期困扰着东盟国家,对地区安全构成重大挑战。如何借助预防性外交化解民族冲突危机,已成为东盟维护本地区安全的重要议题。20世纪90年代,东盟接受加利所倡导的预防性外交概念,开始着手东盟预防性外交的规范建设与实践,并取得了积极成效。然而,东盟目前所发展的预防性外交,其作用仅限于应对国家间争端与冲突,难以触及东盟国家内部的民族冲突问题。客观上,东盟各国需要通过预防性外交化解民族冲突危机,否则东盟在民族冲突面前将难以有所作为。但关键问题是怎样使预防性外交在化解东盟民族冲突中行之有效。完善预防性外交的决策与执行机制,寻找本土化解决办法,将是东盟提高其预防性外交行动能力、有效应对民族冲突的重要途径。

Since independence,ASEAN countries have been disturbed by ethnic conflicts within their borders,which unavoidably spilled over to threaten security of wider regions.How to resolve the ethnic crisis by preventative diplomacy(PD)has become an important issue for ASEAN in safeguarding the security of the region.In the 1990s,ASEAN accepted the concept of PD renewed by former UN Secretary-General BoutrosGhali,and embarked on a fruitful process of PD institution-building and practice.However,ASEAN's PD is only limited in inter-state disputes and conflicts,and hardly touching the issue ethnic crisis in ASEAN countries because of the absence of an operational PD action model in conformity to ASEAN norms.Objectively speaking,all ASEAN countries need to resolve the crisis of ethnic conflicts through preventive diplomacy or ASEAN will find it hard to make a difference in the face of ethnic conflicts.Improving ASEAN's decision-making and enforcement mechanism for preventive diplomacy and finding a solution to its localization will be an important way for ASEAN to improve its PD capacity and effectively respond to the ethnic conflicts in ASEAN.