宫颈癌前病变早期筛查技术新进展

New progress in the early screening of cervical precancerous lesions

宫颈癌是常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一，严重威胁女性健康，如何进一步扩大筛查范围，提高筛查的敏感度、特异度，优化筛查方案是防癌、治癌的关键。目前国内外常用的筛查方法有宫颈涂片细胞学检查、人乳头瘤病毒检测、分子生物学检测、基因遗传学检测等。宫颈涂片细胞学检查特异性高，敏感度低；人乳头瘤病毒检测敏感度高，但特异性低；而分子生物学检测及基因遗传学检测不仅特异性高，而且敏感度强，但由于缺乏大量的临床样本，而且检测技术成本比较昂贵、费用较高，目前仍处于试验研究阶段。

Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies which seriously threatens the health of women. How to further expand the scope of screening and improve the sensitivity and specificity of screening and optimize screening programs are the key points of cancer prevention and treatment. At present,the screening methods that are commonly used at home and abroad include cervical smear cytology, human papillomavirus （HPV） detection, molecular biology detection and genetic genetic testing. Cervical smear cytology has high specificity and low sensitivity, the sensitivity of HPV detection is high, but the specificity is low, and the molecular biological detection and genetic testing has high specificity and high sensitivity, but due to the lack of large quantities of clinical samples, and the higher detection cost, they are still in the test study stage.