领导者情绪智力对领导力效能影响的元分析

The relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness: A meta-analysis

以往领导者情绪智力和领导力效能之间关系的研究存在很大分歧。运用元分析方法考察了领导者情绪智力对领导力效能的影响及其组织情境和研究方法调节变量。通过纳入98篇中英文文献和110个效应量(n=27330),结果表明:(1)领导者情绪智力与领导力效能存在中等程度的正相关(r=0.39)。(2)组织情境因素的调节作用检验发现,高层领导者的情绪智力对领导力效能的影响明显高于中层和基层领导者,非营利性组织中的领导者情绪智力对领导力效能的影响比营利组织中的影响更强,东方文化背景下的领导者情绪智力对领导力效能的影响比西方文化背景下更强。(3)方法因素的调节作用检验发现,采用混合模型测量的领导者情绪智力对领导力效能的影响高于采用能力模型测量的结果,采用客观指标衡量领导力效能的相关系数比主观指标更大,领导者情绪智力对工作态度指标的影响弱于工作绩效指标,领导者情绪智力对群体层次效能的影响强于个体层次。从研究设计和出版标准等方面探究领导者情绪智力和领导力效能之间关系的调节变量是未来研究的重点。

Previous studies on the relationship between the leaders＇ emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness had considerable disagreement. A meta-analysis was conducted to explore the causes of the differences, and clarify the overall relationship between the leaders＇ emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness and the moderators. A literature research yielded 98 qualified papers with 110 effect sizes and 27330 participants. Results of the meta-analysis showed that 1） there was a moderate positive correlation between emotional intelligence of leaders and leadership effectiveness（r = 0.39）, supporting the hypothesis that leaders＇ emotional intelligence is a significant correlate of leadership effectiveness. 2） Furthermore, moderating analysis of the factors of organizational context revealed that the impact of senior leaders＇ emotional intelligence on leadership effectiveness was significantly higher than that of the middle and grass-roots leaders, the impact of leaders＇ emotional intelligence on leadership effectiveness in non-profit organizations was stronger than that in profit organizations, and the impact of emotional intelligence of leaders＇ on leadership effectiveness in the oriental culture was stronger than that in the Western culture. 3） In addition, moderating analysis of the methodological factors revealed that the influence of the leaders＇ emotional intelligence measured by mixed models on leadership effectiveness was higher than that measured by the ability model, the correlation coefficient was greater when the leadership effectiveness was measured by objective indicators as compared to subjective indicators, the influence of the leaders＇ emotional intelligence on work attitude was weaker than that on job performance, and the influence of the leaders＇ emotional intelligence on the group level was stronger than that on the individual level. Future studies should examine the moderator of the relationship between leaders＇ emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness from aspects of research design and reporting standards.