愉快面孔识别优势及其认知神经机制

The advantage in recognition of happy faces and its cognitive neural mechanism

愉快面孔识别优势表现为被试对高兴面孔比对其他情绪面孔的识别正确率更高、反应时更短。大量研究以简笔画和面孔图片为材料,在情绪分类任务和视觉搜索任务中均发现这一优势。该优势存在诊断性价值假说、情绪独特性假说和出现频率假说三种不同的理论解释。近年来,研究者采用ERP技术发现这一优势形成于反应选择阶段,但其起始阶段尚无一致结论。未来可借助f MRI技术进一步研究其认知神经机制。

There is an advantage in the recognition of happy faces, such that happy facial expressions are identified more accurately and quickly than other types of facial expressions. This phenomenon has been found in a large number of studies utilizing either expression categorization tasks or visual search tasks, in which schematic faces and facial expressions were used as stimuli. There are three theoretical explanations for this advantage： the diagnostic value hypothesis, affective uniqueness hypothesis and frequency of occurrence hypothesis. In recent years, event-related-potential（ERP） studies have found that this advantage is formed in the response selection stage of the recognition process, but it remains unclear when this advantage initially emerges. Future studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging（f MRI） methods are necessary to investigate the cognitive neural mechanism of this advantage in recognition of happy faces.