阅读任务中无关言语效应的作用机制:干扰基于内容还是过程?

Mechanism of the irrelevant speech effect in reading: Is the interference determined by content, or process?

无关言语效应是指视觉认知任务受到同时呈现的背景言语干扰的现象。阅读任务中无关言语效应作用机制的争论主要存在于内容干扰假说和过程干扰假说之间。两种假说的分歧主要涉及对无关言语特征、认知任务类型以及二者关系等三方面的理论认识。现有的实证研究普遍支持过程干扰假说。未来研究可从阅读任务中无关言语效应的影响因素、影响阶段以及结合脑成像和眼动追踪技术等方面来进行。

The irrelevant speech effect（ISE） refers to the interferential performance in visual cognitive task when the background speech is presented at the same time. In the present paper, we first introduced two main theoretical accounts of the mechanism underlying ISE in reading： interference-by-content hypothesis and interference-by-process hypothesis. Then extant studies of ISE in reading were summarized and discussed over these two opposite hypotheses. Lastly, we proposed several issues which are worth to be focused in the future studies： a） what and how the relevant factors impact on ISE; b） the cognitive stages concerning ISE during reading; c） the application of new technologies including brain imaging technology and eye-tracking technology into studies of ISE in reading.