题目位置效应的概念及检测

Item Position Effect: Conceptualization, detection and developments

题目位置效应(Item Position Effect,IPE)是指在剔除随机误差的影响之后,同一道题目在不同测验间因题目位置的变化而导致题目参数的变化。IPE的存在会严重威胁依赖于项目反应理论参数不变性特征的相关应用,比如测验等值和计算机化自适应测验。目前关于这一领域的研究主要集中于对IPE的检测,而对所检测到的效应进行进一步的解释,则是今后的研究重点。另外,在不同的研究情境下深入探讨IPE,对于基础研究领域和实践领域都具有重要意义。

Item position effect（IPE） refers to the item parameter non-invariance when the same item is placed at different positions of the tests, after controlling for the influence of random errors. The presence of IPE causes the violation of the critical parameter invariance assumption made in item response theory, making the applications such as test equating and computerized adaptive testing at risk. At present, the existing researches in this field mainly focus on the detection and modeling of IPE. However, more research efforts are needed to further explain the consequences of the detected IPE and to provide an in-depth discussion of IPE under different scenarios, which is of great importance to both basic research and practical applications.