渣油加氢装置采样操作安全分析

Study of safety in sampling operation in residue hydrodesulphurization unit

渣油加氢装置生产运行中为了保证进料、产品符合质量指标,需要对装置内物料进行采样分析。对装置内原料油、酸性气、酸性水等物料的性质,以及采样方法和采样器使用做了简要介绍。结合装置高温高压临氢的特点,分析装置在安全方面存在的风险有:反应系统压力很高(15.6 MPa);氢气具有较宽的爆炸极限(体积分数4%~75%);脱硫前循环气中硫化氢体积分数很高(1%~2%),这都对装置内危险物采样提出很高的作业要求。重点分析了采样操作的安全问题,结合事故教训采取合理有效的防范措施,制定采样安全管理要求,降低和避免采样事故的发生。

To ensure the quality of feedstock oil and hydrogenation products,the process effluents need be sampled for analysis during the operation of residue hydrodesulphurization（ RDS） unit. The properties of feedstocks,sour gas,sour water,etc,as well as sampling methods and samplers are introduced. In consideration of characteristics of high temperature and high pressure in the hydrogen system,the safety hazards of the unit are analyzed. Since the pressure of the reaction system is as high as 15. 6 MPa,the hydrogen has a wide explosion limit of 4% ~ 75%. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the recycle gas before desulfurization is 1% ~ 2%,it has a higher requirement of sampling operation of the unit. The safety of sampling operation is emphatically discussed,the accident lessons are learned,effective measures are taken,and the safety management requirements are specified for sampling. All these will help to reduce and avoid accidents.