中国水产养殖环境氮磷污染现状及未来发展思路

Present condition of aquaculture nitrogen and phosphorus environmental pollution and future development strategy

中国水产养殖业发展迅速,但受土地、环境、技术和人工等资源的限制,目前已经到了发展的瓶颈期。本研究总结过去近40年来水产养殖业快速发展带来的水环境氮磷污染负荷和环境效应,以及相应的养殖水体治理措施,提出了新型水产养殖模式的优势。未来水产养殖业在"提质增效、减量增收、绿色发展、富裕渔民"的总目标下,必须转变生产方式,调整生产结构,通过持续深化渔业供给侧结构性改革,从苗种、饲料、技术、装备、机制和生产模式等方面着手,提高水产养殖的技术水平,提升渔民增收致富的能力和水产品品质,为中国水产养殖业的可持续发展奠定坚实的基础。

Aquaculture industry has been developed rapidly in China,but it is stepping into the bottleneck period because of the restriction by natural resources such as land,environment,technology and artificial resources. This study summarized the water environmental pollution load and the environmental effect in the past 40 years,and put forward some corresponding measures of aquaculture water treatment,and also pointed out the advantages of the new aquaculture mode.To ensure the overall goal of improving quality and effectiveness,reducing yield and increasing income,green development,enriching fishermen,the mode and structure of production must be changed and adjusted. To lay a solid foundation for the sustainable and healthy development of aquaculture in China,we should improve aquaculture technology from the aspects of seed,feed,technology,equipment,mechanism and the mode of production,increase the ability of fishermen's getting rich and improve the quality of aquatic products by the continuous deepening structural reform of fishery supply-side.