儿童急性上呼吸道感染与中医证型体质及发病季节的关系

Relationship between acute upper respiratory tract infection and TCM syndrome constitution and onset season in children

目的研究儿童急性上呼吸道感染与中医证型体质以及与发病季节之间的关系。方法对我院2015年1月-2017年1月急诊收治的134例儿童急性上呼吸道感染患者进行回顾性研究,分析探讨患儿不同中医证型(风寒束表证、暑湿袭表证、卫气同病证、风热犯表证、寒热夹杂证)与体质的关系和发病季节的关系。结果 134例患儿中风寒束表证46例,风热犯表证36例,寒热夹杂证22例,暑湿袭表证19例,卫气同病证11例。暑湿袭表证主要出现在湿热质和痰湿质的患儿中,风热犯表证和卫气同病证的患儿以阴虚质所占比率较大,风寒束表证表现的患儿主要以气虚质、阳虚质和气郁质的患儿所占比例较大。冬季发病患儿为最多,达57例,秋季为30例,夏季为27例,春季为20例,冬季发病率显著高于其他季节发病(P<0.05)。夏季患病的患儿主要体质为痰湿质和湿热质为主;秋季患病的患儿主要体质为阴虚质为主;冬春季患病则以气虚质、阳虚质和气郁质患儿为主。结论儿童体质决定了患儿急性上呼吸道感染的中医证型,且患儿不同中医证型与发病季节间存在一定的相关性。

Objective To analyze the relationship between acute upper respiratory tract infection and TCM constitution and its onset season in children.Methods 134 cases of children with acute upper respiratory tract infection admitted in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2017 were retrospectively studied,and analyze the relationship between different TCM syndromes（wind-cold fettering the exterior syndrome,summerheat dampness,disease of both wei and qi,wind-heat invading the exterior,cold-heat complex） and physique and the relationship between the onset season.Results There were 46 cases of children with wind-cold fettering the exterior syndrome,36 cases with windheat invading the exterior syndrome,22 cases with cold-heat complex syndrome,19 cases with summerheat dampness,11 cases with disease of both wei and qi.The summerheat dampness is mainly in children with damp-heat and phlegmdamp quality.The rate of yin deficiency is larger in the children who have the syndrome of wind-heat invading the exterior and disease of both wei and qi.Children with wind-cold fettering the exterior are mainly in the proportion of qi deficiency,yang deficiency and qi depression.The incidence of children in winter is the most,reaching 57 cases,autumn is 30 cases,summer is 27 cases,spring is 20 cases,and winter incidence is significantly higher than that of other seasons（P〈0.05）.The main constitution of summer children is phlegm dampness and damp heat.The main constitution of children in autumn is yin deficiency,while children in winter and spring are mainly qi deficiency,yang deficiency and qi stagnation.Conclusion The constitution of children determines the TCM syndrome type of acute upper respiratory tract infection,and there is a certain correlation between the different TCM Syndrome Types and the onset season.