关于海洋新能源选址的难点及对策建议——以波浪能为例

Overview of site selection difficulties for marine new energy power plant and suggestions:wave energy case study

波浪能等级区划是海浪发电、海水淡化等工程选址的主要依据。针对波浪能选址的困境,本文建立了一套能够全面考虑资源特征、海洋环境、成本效益的波浪能等级区划方案,并以"海上丝路"的波浪能宏观等级区划、斯里兰卡海域的波浪能微观等级区划展开实例研究。结果表明:本方案能较好地展现波浪能等级的区域性差异,可为波浪能的宏观/微观选址提供决策支持。本文还充分考虑了专家评估、发电成本主导、可利用率主导等不同情况下的波浪能等级区划,可满足不同需求下的波浪能选址。本方案具有较强的灵活性,根据需求对相关要素的权重进行调整、添加或删除相关要素,可广泛运用于海洋新能源的等级区划和选址。

Classifying wave energy is key in making a site selection for a plant that develops wave energy,such as for marine wave electric power generation and sea water desalinization. To solve difficulties in site selection with respect to wave energy,this study proposes a new energy classification scheme that comprehensively incorporates characteristics of energy factors,environmental risk factors,and cost factors. A macro-scale and micro-scale classification of wave wind energy on the 21 stcentury Maritime Silk Road and the Sri Lankan Sea area are used respectively as case studies. Results show that the proposed scheme can accurately determine regional differences in energy classification,and can thus be used as a reference for decision-making for site selection. To provide a reference for site selection of wave energy development under different focuses,and by reasonably adjusting the weight coefficients of the related factors,this study also presents wave energy classifications determined by expert evaluation,based on one situation dominated by water depth and distance to the coast,and one dominated by the available rate.This scheme is widely versatile,and with rational adding or deleting of related factors it can be used as a scientific reference for the selection of marine sites for new energy development.