无细胞蛋白质合成系统的研究进展及应用前景

Research progress and applications of cell-free protein synthesis system

无细胞蛋白质合成系统是现代迅速发展的蛋白质表达系统,以细胞抽提物中酶和蛋白质因子等作为基本反应体系,添加外源模板、底物以及能源物质等维持体系运作,最终在体外合成目标蛋白质。无细胞蛋白质合成系统突破了细胞的生理限制,能够灵活地进行蛋白质合成,极大地提高了蛋白质的产量,不仅可以作为研究转录和翻译的研究工具,而且可以实现蛋白质的高通量表达,在诸多领域带来了突破性的进展。现主要针对无细胞蛋白质合成系统的能量供给、蛋白质的稳定性和折叠修饰以及应用进行综述,以期推动对该技术的理解和应用。

Cell-free protein synthesis system is one of modem protein expression systems based on cell extracts containing enzymes and protein factors, as well as substrates and energy substance in order to maintain the system operation. After adding an exogenous DNA template, the target protein could be ultimately synthesized in vitro. Cell-free protein synthesis system breaks the physiological limitations of cells, allows for flexible protein synthesis, and greatly improves the protein yield. It can be used not only as a research tool for studying transcription and translation, but also as an advanced technology for high-throughput expression of proteins. This review mainly focused on the progress and prospect of energy supplement, protein stability and folding, as well as applications of cell-free protein synthesis systems.