丰台区集中空调公共场所从业人员不良健康症状与免疫水平分析

Analysis of adverse health symptoms and immune level among employees in public places of central air conditioning in Fengtai District

目的了解丰台区集中空调公共场所从业人员不良健康症状发生情况与免疫水平。方法选取18家使用和9家不使用集中空调且场所类型相近的从业人员分别作为暴露和对照人群,进行问卷调查和血样采集。结果暴露组出现呼吸系统、眼部、皮肤、发热、头痛、关节酸痛、疲乏等健康不良症状的比例高于对照组。商场超市暴露组发生不良健康症状的风险高于对照组。暴露组血清IgG、IgM、IgA平均水平均高于对照组。男性暴露组血清IgG、IgM平均水平均高于对照组。暴露组行政管理人员、客房服务人员、售货员或理货员血清IgG、IgM平均水平均高于对照组;冷热水系统管理维护清洁人员、客房服务人员血清IgA平均水平高于对照组,以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论集中空调公共场所从业人员存在不良健康风险,机体免疫水平受一定程度影响,应加强集中空调卫生监管和保护人群健康。

Objective To investigate the incidence of adverse health symptoms and immune level among employees in public places of central air conditioning in Fengtai District. Methods 18 public places of central air conditioning system and 9 public places without central air conditioning system were selected as exposure group and control group for questionnaire survey and blood sampling. Results Exposure group had respiratory,ocular,skin and other symptoms,and the adverse symptoms of exposure group were higher than that of control group. The risk of adverse health symptoms in shopping mall exposure group was higher than that in control group. The average levels of immunoglobulin IgA,IgG and IgM in the exposed group were higher than those in the control group. The serum levels of IgG and IgM in male exposed group were higher than those in control group. The serum levels of IgG and IgM in administrators,room service,salesman or tally clerk in exposed group were higher than the control group; the average level of serum IgA in hot and cold water system management personnel and clean room service was significantly higher than the control group,with the differences statistically significant（ P 〈0. 05）. Conclusion Employees in central air conditioning public places have adverse health risks,the immune level of the body is affected to some extent,and health authorities should strengthen health supervision and protect the health of population.