移民威胁、经济剥夺还是治理失效——对上海市60个基层社区凝聚力的比较分析

Migrants Threat,Economic Deprivation or Governance Failure——Social Cohesion Comparison Across 60 Communities in Shanghai

进入21世纪以来,国内外学界尤其是欧美学界日益关注社会凝聚力问题,重点围绕种族多样性是否会削弱社会凝聚力展开了理论争辩与实证分析。相比之下,中国虽然面临着相似的问题,但相关的研究却十分缺乏。本文使用来自上海市60个基层社区及其成员的两层次匹配数据,对社区凝聚力的影响因素依次检验了移民威胁、经济剥夺和治理失效三个命题。结果发现:移民不仅没有损害社会凝聚力,甚至可能具有相反效应;社区经济剥夺固然会削弱凝聚力,但也受到社区治理绩效的补偿;在中国城市社会的制度背景下,基层社区的治理绩效成为社会凝聚力最为重要的决定性因素。上述经验证据在汇总层次分析和多层次分析中均具有高度一致性。

Theoretical and empirical research on social cohesion,especially its relation to racial,ethnic and immigration diversity,has been a hot issue since the 21 stcentury. The inquiry is also applicable to today's urban China,however,relevant study is very scarce and descriptive. Using a unique survey data including individual and administrative variables across 60 communities in Shanghai,this paper first examines whether and how social cohesion is affected by three theoretically important community factors in Chinese socio-institutional context. It finds that economic deprivation,rather than the influx of migrants,significantly weakens social cohesion,while governance performance compensates this negative effect and plays the most important role in all determining factors. The empirical results are robust and consistent in aggregate-level and multi-level data analysis.