记忆理论与作家口述史研究——基于邵洵美“狱中嘱托”事件的分析

On Memory Theories and the Study of Writers' Oral History:Based on the Analysis of Shao Xunmei's Verbal Entrustment in the Prison

口述史的研究方法已被应用于诸多学科,但在文学研究领域,作家口述史研究的独特价值和主要功能尚缺乏明晰的阐述。借鉴学术界影响甚大的集体记忆理论和文化记忆理论,透视1960年前后的中国作家邵洵美"狱中嘱托"事件发现:运用集体记忆理论有益于探究社会框架对作家记忆效果和口述方式的规约作用,参考文化记忆理论有助于理解作家口述效应与身份认同机制的深层关系。

Oral historical research methods have been applied to many subjects.In the field of literary research,however,the unique value and main functions of writers' oral history have not been clarified yet.Take the verbal entrustment of a Chinese writer named Shao Xunmei in the prison around 1960 as an example,new discoveries can be made by using collective memory theory and cultural memory theory for reference,which have had a great influence in academic circles.On the one hand,the application of collective memory theory is beneficial to the study of the influence of social framework on writers' memory effect and oral mode,on the other hand,the reference of cultural memory theory is helpful to understand the deep relationship between writers' oral effect and identity mechanism.