论先秦“以诗为谏”传统的历史形成

Historical Formation of “Taking the Poem as the Admonition” Tradition in the Pre-Qin Period

"以诗为谏"是先秦时期伴随着"诗"的创作、应用与传播而形成的一种独特的劝谏传统,指在劝谏过程中以"诗"为依据,来规正他人的言行,达到劝惩的目的。西周时期的"献诗""采诗"制度将"以诗为谏"纳入到国家政治监督机制中,成为下臣进谏的正当方式;春秋以后,"赋诗""引诗"风尚的盛行使得"以诗为谏"的权威性得到了更为普遍的认可。在其历史形成过程中,"以诗为谏"体现出鲜明的时代特点,也显示出"诗"由文学文本向经典文本演化的路径。

"Taking the poem as the admonition" is a unique exhortatory tradition in the pre-Qin period, accompanied by the creation, application and dissemination of poetry. It refers to pointing out mistakes and persuading others according to the poem. The institution of dedicating and collecting poems in Western Zhou Dynasty brings this tradition into national political supervision mechanism, as a proper way to remonstrate with the lord. The fashion of composing and quoting poems during Spring and Autumn Period makes its authority more universal. In its historical formation process, the tradition of "Taking the poem as the admonition" reflects distinctive features of the times, and shows the way that poetry evolves from literary text to classical text.