水产品中氯霉素残留检测方法研究进展

Research progress on the detection of chloramphenicols residues in aquatic products

氯霉素是一类广泛用于水产养殖中的抗生素,杀菌广谱,但残留在水产品中会对人体健康造成严重损害。本文综述了氯霉素的检测方法,包括微生物法、免疫分析法、色谱分析法和其他方法,并对各种方法的特点进行了综述。微生物学法是根据氯霉素对微生物的生理机能、代谢的抑制作用,来定性和定量检测氯霉素,该方法灵敏度不高;酶联免疫法灵敏度高,重复性好,适合水产品中氯霉素筛选;高效液相色谱法检测水产品中氯霉素具有快速、准确、高效等特点;气相色谱法检测水产品中氯霉素灵敏度高、准确,适合水产品中氯霉素的检测;液相色谱-质谱串联法是水产品中氯霉素残留检测最主要的分析方法,具有分离度高、快速、准确的特点。最后对氯霉素药物残留检测方法发展趋势进行了展望。

Chloramphenicol（CAP） is a kind of antibiotic drugs with efficiently broad-spectrum and widely applied in animal aquaculture. It is a broad-spectrum fungicide, but the residues of CAP in aquatic products are very harmful to human health. This paper reviewed the main analytical methods for chloramphenicol in aquatic products and summarized the characteristics of various methods, including microbiology method, immunoassay, chromatography, and so on. The residues of chlorampheniciol were qualitatively and quantitatively assayed by microbiology according to the physiology and metabolization, but this method was not sensitive. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was sensitive and suitable for the determination of trace chlorampheniciol in aquatic products. Liquid chromatography was rapid, accurate and efficient in the detection of chlorampheniciol in aquatic products. Gas chromatography was sensitive, accurate and suitable for the determination of trace chlorampheniciol in aquatic products. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was the most important analytical method for chlorampheniciol residues in aquatic products. Finally, the development trend of detection techniques of CAP residues was discussed.