多菌灵和灭蝇胺在平菇及培养料中的残留及消解动态

Residues of carbendazim and cyromazine in pleurotus ostreatus and growing medium and their degradation kinetics

目的研究多菌灵和灭蝇胺农药在平菇和培养料中的消解动态规律。方法在大棚中开展平菇及其培养料残留消解动态实验,采用超高效液相色谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography,UPLC)检测平菇和培养料中的农药残留量。结果在培养料中低浓度(1 g/kg)和高浓度(1.5 g/kg)的多菌灵消解半衰期分别为35.4 d和40.1 d,低浓度(0.25 g/kg)和高浓度(0.375 g/kg)灭蝇胺的消解半衰期分别22.5 d和24.2 d。平菇培养料的灭菌会显著减少其中多菌灵和灭蝇胺农药的残留量,低浓度和高浓度的灭蝇胺降解率分别为17.52%和8.04%,低浓度和高浓度的多菌灵降解率分别为43.17%和62.87%。平菇在含有灭蝇胺农药的培养料中栽培,同步采集的平菇子实体中均未检测到灭蝇胺的残留量;平菇在含有多菌灵农药的培养料中栽培,同步采集的平菇子实体中多菌灵的残留量在0.394 mg/kg以上。结论平菇培养料中灭蝇胺农药残留不会向平菇子实体转移,对食用菌产品质量安全的影响较小;平菇培养料中多菌灵农药会向平菇子实体转移,且影响平菇菌丝生长,建议慎用多菌灵。

Objective To study the degradation kinetics of carbendazim and cyromazine pesticides in pleurotus ostreatus and growing medium. Methods The residue dynamics of pleurotus ostreatus and its growing medium were measured in the greenhouse, and the residual pesticides in pleurotus ostreatus and growing medium were detected by ultra high performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）. Results The half-lives of carbendazim with low concentration（1 g/kg） and high concentration（1.5 g/kg） in growing medium were 35.4 d and 40.1 d and the half-lives of cyromazine with low concentration（0.25 g/kg） and high concentration（0.375 g/kg） in growing medium were 22.5 d and 24.2 d, respectively. Sterilization remarkably reduced carbendazim and cyromazine pesticide residues in the growing medium with degradation rate. The carbendazim with low concentration and high concentration of degradation rate reached 43.17% and 62.87% and the cyromazine with low concentration and high concentration of degradation rate reached 17.52% and 8.04%. No cyromazine pesticide residues were detected in pleurotus ostreatus harvested at the cyromazine pesticide residues in the growing medium and the most of residue of carbendazim above 0.394 mg/kg were detected in pleurotus ostreatus harvested at the carbendazim pesticide residues in the growing medium. Conclusion Potential cyromazine pesticide residues, which have little impact on the quality and safety of the edible fungus, cannot be transferred to pleurotus ostreatus fruitbodies. Carbendazim should be used with caution because the potential carbendazim pesticide residues can be transferred to pleurotus ostreatus fruitbodies and the growing of pleurotus ostreatus hypha would be inflected.