转基因作物全球发展现状及检测技术研究进展

Global development of genetically modified crops and research progress of detection technology

转基因农作物的研究与应用为全人类的粮食供应问题提供了可持续发展的基础。1996~2016年,转基因农作物很好地完成了市场渗透过程,并成功进行了商业化的生产,世界范围内,越来越多的农民也开始采用转基因种子进行农产品的种植。随着耐除草剂、耐虫性、耐旱性、抗病性等多种性状的结合的转基因农作物的引入,对食品和饲料产业链中的转基因农作物进行追踪和标识的可靠并灵敏的检测方法变得越来越重要。转基因农作物适用范围广,采用速度快,在全世界范围内都引起了巨大的争议,为减轻这种争议,实施有效的监管措施来检测并保障转基因农作物的安全成为亟待解决的问题。基于DNA水平的转基因农作物的食品分析与检测技术已被广泛应用,二代测序技术(second generation sequencing technology,NGS)则提供了更为敏感、精准、安全的技术手段。本文介绍了全球范围内转基因农作物商业化的现状,并对转基因作物相关检测技术进行探讨。

The study and application of genetically modified crops provide the basis for sustainable development of food supply for all mankind. From 1996 to 2016, genetically modified crops well completed the process of market penetration, and had success in commercial production, more and more farmers began to adopt genetically modified seeds to the cultivation of agricultural products. With the introduction of genetically modified crops with herbicide resistance, insect resistance, drought resistance, disease resistance and other properties, and reliable and sensitive detection methods for the tracking and identification of genetically modified crops in food and feed industrial chains are becoming more and more important. Scope of genetically modified crops and the use of speed, caused great controversy throughout the world. In order to alleviate this kind of dispute, the implementation of effective regulatory measures to detect and protect the safety of genetically modified crops become a problem to be solved. The food analysis and detection technology of genetically modified crops based on DNA level has been widely used, and thesecond generation sequencing technology（NGS） provides more sensitive, precise and safe technical means. This paper introduced the commercialization of genetically modified crops, and discussed the detection technology of genetically modified crops.