陶瓷制品铅镉迁移量食品安全国家标准对比分析研究

Comparative study on national food safety standards for lead and cadmium migration in ceramic products

GB 4806.4-2016《食品安全国家标准陶瓷制品》已发布和正式实施。该标准为食品接触用陶瓷制品的国家强制性标准,因此国内生产与销售的该类陶瓷制品,都必须符合GB 4806.4标准的要求。该标准基于食品接触用陶瓷制品相关标准清理的研究,整合了铅、镉迁移量食品安全卫生指标,新增了检验技术方法,全面替代了以往针对日用陶瓷器的铅、镉溶出量限制标准,如GB 12651-2003《与食品接触的陶瓷制品铅、镉溶出量的允许极限》、GB 13121-1991《陶瓷食具容器卫生标准》、GB 14147-1993《陶瓷包装容器铅、镉溶出量的允许极限》和GB 8058-2003《陶瓷烹调器铅、镉溶出量的允许极限和检测方法》等国家标准,形成了一套相对完整的陶瓷制品食品安全国家标准体系。本研究对比了陶瓷制品铅、镉迁移量食品安全国家标准和已被替代的国家标准,采用能力验证试验对标准陶瓷样品和市场陶瓷制品进行对比测试分析研究,并对新旧标准进行对比评价,以便于检验监管部门和消费者更好地理解与应用。

GB 4806.4-2016 National food safety standard-Ceramic products has been released and officially implemented. This standard is the national mandatory standard for food contact with ceramic products, so the ceramic products made and sold in China must meet the requirements of GB 4806.4. This standard based on the reorganization of standards related to food contact ceramics and porcelains research, integrated the lead and cadmium migration quantity of food safety and hygiene index, added new testing methods, and completely replaced the standard of lead and cadmium dissolution for daily-use ceramics in the past, such as GB 12651-2003 Standard permissible limits of lead and cadmium release from ceramic ware in contact with food, GB 13121-1991 Hygienic standard of ceramics for food containers, GB 14147-1993 Standard permissible limits of lead and cadmium release from ceramic packaging vessel in contact with food, and GB 8058-8058 Standard permissible limits and testing method for release of lead or cadmium from ceramic cookware, and established a set of relatively complete system of ceramic products national food safety standards. This study compared the national food safety standards of lead and cadmium migration quantity for ceramic products with the standards which had been replaced, compared and analyzed the ceramic samples and the market ceramic products by the test of capability verification, also compared and evaluated the old and new standards, in order to facilitate a better understanding and application for inspection regulators and consumers.