从“禅让”思想看帛书《衷》篇的成书时间

On the Date of Composition of the “Zhong” Chapter in the Mawangdui Version of Zhouyi as Determined by the Idea of “Abdication”

在帛书《衷》篇中,孔子以"禅让"思想解说《乾》卦用九之辞,表现出对"禅让"肯定、赞成的态度。根据宣扬禅让的《唐虞之道》《子羔》和《容成氏》等文献成书于战国中期,以及公元前316年发生的燕王哙"禅让"悲剧,可以推断儒家赞成"禅让"的思想在战国中期盛行,至公元前316年左右陷入沉寂。《衷》篇既然记载孔子以"禅让"说解《易》,其当成书于儒家盛行、宣扬"禅让"说之时,而不会是质疑、反对的沉寂之时,由此可推断《衷》篇当成书于战国中期,其下限当在公元前316年左右。从《衷》篇另一部分材料的来源--《系辞》和《说卦》成书于战国早期看,其成书于战国中期的推断也是合理的。

In the chapter of ＂Zhong＂ （lit.,Centrality,a.k.a. ＂Yi zhi yi＂ ,Meanings of the Changes）in the Mawangdui silk version of Zhouyi,Confucius adopted the idea of ＂abdication＂ when interpreting the yong jiu（Using Nine）statement in the hexagramQian [ ,The Creative,1],which exhibited his affirmative attitude to the system of abdication.Now that we know the following chapters from excavated bamboo slips of ＂Tang Yu zhi dao＂ （Ways of Emperors Yao and Shun）, ＂Zi gao,＂ and ＂Rong cheng shi＂ were composed in the mid-Warring States period（475-221 BCE）,and in light of the tragedy of ＂abdication＂ that occurred concerning King Kuai of the state of Yan in 316 BCE,it can be deduced that Confucians＇ favor for the abdication system was in vogue in the mid-Warring States period and fell silent around 316 BCE.Since the chapter ＂Zhong＂ recorded Confucius＇ interpretation of the Changes by the idea of abdication,it ought to date from the mid-Warring States period and before 316 BCE.Besides,as the parts of ＂Xi ci＂ （Commentary on the Appended Phrases）and ＂Shuo gua＂ （Discussion of the Trigrams）included in the chapter ＂Zhong＂ were also composed in the mid-Warring States period,this conclusion is also tenable.