诗曲交侵下的词体重构

The Reconstruction of Ci-genre under the Interactive Penetration of Poems and Qu-poems

一种文体本质特征和历史地位的形成,不仅是自身发展所致,也是相近文体间不断辨体的结果。作为一种易于诗化或曲化的文艺形态,词无论数量特征还是功能影响皆不如诗曲显著,然其先从乐府、声诗中突围而"别是一家",继未被转踏、赚词、诸宫调所裹挟而泯然曲中,终能"上不似诗,下不类曲",甚至分席鼎峙而为一代之文学,端赖诗曲交互影响下的更新再造。诗词、词曲之辨促使词体本质特征进一步明确,在创演、风格、文本、声律等层面逐步规范和定型。在词借鉴和参照诗曲实现重构的同时,诗曲也因之确定了各自界域,事实上形成了三者异质同构、相反相成的关系。

The formation of the essential features and historical position of one literary genre is not only caused by its own self-development, but also originated from the constant distinction between its adjacent literary genres. As an artistic form, Ci-poems （词） were liable to be assimilated by poems （诗） and Qu-poems （曲）. Ci-poems were less pronounced than poems and Qu-poems in terms of quantity, function, characteristics and influence. However, due to the regeneration and recreation under the interactive influence of poems and Qu-poems, Ci-poems broke through the boundary of Yuefu-poems （乐府） and vocal poems （声诗）, becoming a new genre with its own characteristics. As a matter of fact, Ci-genre succeeded in avoiding the fate of vanishing in Qu-poems in the encirclement of Zhuanta （ a type of Song narrative song, 转踏 ）, Zhuanci （ a tune for Song poetic drama, 赚词 ） and Zhugongdiao （ a type of Song narrative song, 诸宫调 ）, finding out its own position and even becoming the leading literary genre of the Song Dynasty, which distinguished itself from poetic genre and Qu-genre. The distinction between poems and Ci-poems, and the distinction between Ci-poems and Qu-poems further promoted the clarification of the essential features of Ci- genre, whose creation, performance, style, text writing, poetic metre and other aspects were gradually normalized and stereotyped. While Ci-genre was reconstructed by referring to poetic genre and Qu-genre, the latter two genres also defined their own boundaries, and factually formed the relationship of heterogenous isomorphism among these three genres, which were both opposite and complementary to each other.