咸丰十年太平军上海战役考辩

A Re-evaluation of the Shanghai Battle of the Taiping Army in 1860

关于咸丰十年上海战役,学界多关注其战略意义,而忽视战役进程中李秀成和洪仁玕的意见分歧。通过梳理史料,可以发现,虽然洪仁玕与李秀成私下商定东征苏常沪,并在天京军事会议上得到洪秀全批准,但是随着太平军逼近上海,李秀成主张武力占领上海,而洪仁玕为维持与西方的议和关系,背弃初衷,甘愿放弃上海。洪仁玕态度的转变对于上海战役的失败具有不容忽视的影响。而学界把太平军此后一系列的失败皆归咎于李秀成未能占领上海,也有失公允。

Historians paid much attention to the strategic significance of Taiping Army’s Shanghai battle in1860, but ignored the conflicts between Li Xiucheng and Hong Rengan in the battle. This article finds that Hong Rengan and Li Xiu Cheng privately agreed on the strategy of occupying Changzhou, Shanghai,Suzhou, and it was approved by Hong Xiuquan in the Tianjing Military Meeting. But when the Taiping Army marched close to Shanghai, Hong Rengan proposed to give up Shanghai in order to maintain peace with the west.However, Li Xiucheng insisted on occupying Shanghai. The change of Hong Rengan’s attitude had an effect on the failure of the Shanghai battle. And it is unfair to attribute a series of military failures afterwards to Li Xiucheng.