清代八旗教育的发展特征、得失与启示

The Characteristic,Problems,and Implications of the Eight Banners Education in the Qing Dynasty

八旗教育分为官学和私学两大系统，在清代都有很大发展。八旗教育满汉文化兼收并蓄，具有明显的民族特征与时代特征，为八旗人才培养、文化发展以及清政权的巩固和发展发挥了重要作用。但八旗教习存在严重问题，加速了官学教育的衰落以及“国语骑射”传统的荒疏。八旗教育的发展特征、成就与问题，对当代民族教育发展有诸多有益的经验启示。

The Eight Banners Education was composed of official schools and private schools,both of which obtained a great development in the Qing dynasty. Drawing on the elements from Manchu and Han cultures,the Eight Banners Education had an obvious national and historical characteristics,playing a vital role in talent cultivation,cultural development and prosperity,and the con solidation of the Qing regime. Nevertheless,there were serious deficiencies in the teacher management system of Eight Banners Education,which accelerated the decline in the official schools as well as in the tradition of"Manchu National Language and Ride". The study on the characteristics,achievements and problems of Eight Banners Education provides a source of inspiration for the development of contemporary national education.